Symmetric vs Asymmetric Encryption - Under the Hood
Symmetric crypto shares one secret for speed. Asymmetric uses key pairs for trust and key exchange. Where each appears in TLS, APIs, data at rest, and which mistakes look like security.
Explainer
Clear analogies and step-by-step breakdowns for complex concepts.
CDN - Under the Hood
A CDN is a cache-and-route fabric at the edge: PoPs, origin, cache keys, TTL, anycast, and the hit/miss path. Why delivery scales, and which failures people mislabel as app or network.
TCP vs UDP - Under the Hood
TCP is a reliable byte stream with handshake, ACKs, and congestion control. UDP is datagrams with no delivery guarantee. Components, steps, use cases, and which failures people mislabel as app bugs.
Anycast vs Unicast - Under the Hood
Unicast maps one IP to one place. Anycast maps one IP to many places and lets BGP pick the path. How both work, where DNS and CDNs use them, and which failures look like app bugs.
DNS - Under the Hood
DNS is a globally distributed, hierarchical, eventually consistent naming database. Stub, recursive resolver, root, TLD, authoritative name server, caching, TTL, and anycast.
Before Training an LLM: From Design Dials to a Frozen Shape
Hyperparameters, vocabulary, and why a 7B model is 7B before day one, how the dials connect, where parameters live, and why the context window is a budgeted choice.
How LLM Works Under the Hood
A 20,000-ft view of the LLM lifecycle and why understanding the four stages matters for enterprise architecture.